Recombinant antibodies offer several key advantages compared to traditional antibodies. These include superior lot-to-lot consistency, continuous supply, and animal-free manufacturing. As such, recombinant antibodies are seeing increased use for scientific research, especially as a means of addressing the ongoing reproducibility crisis.
Traditional polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies are the product of normal B cell development and genetic recombination. They are generated by immunizing an animal with an antigen to elicit an immune response. While polyclonal antibodies are secreted by many different B cell clones and recognize multiple antigenic epitopes, monoclonals originate from a single B cell clone and are specific for just one epitope.
Recombinant antibodies are monoclonal, but their production involves in vitro genetic manipulation. After cloning the antibody genes into an expression vector, this is then transfected into an appropriate host cell line for antibody expression. Mammalian cell lines are most commonly used for recombinant antibody production, although cell lines of bacterial, yeast, or insect origin are also suitable.
Because recombinant antibody production involves sequencing the antibody light and heavy chains, it is a highly controlled and reliable process. In contrast, hybridoma-based systems for producing monoclonal antibodies are subject to genetic drift and instability, increasing the potential for lot-to-lot variability or loss of antibody expression. Recombinant antibodies are highly consistent from lot to lot, thereby ensuring reproducible experimental results.
In vitro methods for producing antibodies are amenable to large-scale production, meaning antibody availability is unlikely to become a limiting factor. Moreover, since the recombinant antibody sequence is known, continuity of supply is assured; in situations where an antibody will be used to support large, long-term studies, this can be an especially critical factor.
Unlike traditional methods for antibody production, recombinant approaches avoid the need to use animals. Where polyclonal antibodies are purified directly from the serum of the immunized host, and monoclonals are purified from either hybridoma-derived tissue culture supernatant or ascites, recombinant antibodies are instead purified from the tissue culture supernatants of transfected host cell lines. Regardless of whether an antibody is polyclonal, monoclonal or recombinant, it must always be properly validated in the intended application prior to experimental use. At CST, we adhere to the Hallmarks of Antibody Validation™, six complementary strategies for determining the specificity, sensitivity, and functionality of an antibody in any given assay. By carefully tailoring these strategies to each antibody product, we guarantee that CST antibodies will work as expected, to help you achieve results you can trust.
| Cat. # | Size | Qty. | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| 12575S | 100 µl |
|
| REACTIVITY | M |
| SENSITIVITY | Endogenous |
| MW (kDa) | 24 |
| Source/Isotype | Rabbit IgG |
Product Information
| Application | Dilution |
|---|---|
| Western Blotting | 1:1000 |
For western blots, incubate membrane with diluted primary antibody in 5% w/v BSA, 1X TBS, 0.1% Tween® 20 at 4°C with gentle shaking, overnight.
NOTE: Please refer to primary antibody product webpage for recommended antibody dilution.
From sample preparation to detection, the reagents you need for your Western Blot are now in one convenient kit: #12957 Western Blotting Application Solutions Kit
NOTE: Prepare solutions with reverse osmosis deionized (RODI) or equivalent grade water.
Load 20 µl onto SDS-PAGE gel (10 cm x 10 cm).
NOTE: Loading of prestained molecular weight markers (#59329, 10 µl/lane) to verify electrotransfer and biotinylated protein ladder (#7727, 10 µl/lane) to determine molecular weights are recommended.
NOTE: Volumes are for 10 cm x 10 cm (100 cm2) of membrane; for different sized membranes, adjust volumes accordingly.
* Avoid repeated exposure to skin.
posted June 2005
revised June 2020
Protocol Id: 10
Mouse
Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Ala30 of human E-Ras protein.
E-Ras (Embryonic Ras) is a member of the Ras family that includes K-Ras, N-Ras, and H-Ras. E-Ras is expressed in early mouse blastocysts and murine embryonic stem cells and is down-regulated upon differentiation (1). Amino acid substitutions as a result of mutation at three conserved positions in K-, H-, N-, and R-Ras proteins result in constitutive activation of these small GTPases, and oncogenic transformation. Intriguingly, the Eras gene encodes a protein where each of these amino acids are substituted, and so E-Ras is naturally constitutively active. E-Ras is thought to contribute to the tumorigenic potential of mouse ES cells to form teratomas in immunodeficient or isogenic mice (1). Despite the parallels between oncogenic mutated Ras, major differences in signaling exist between H-Ras G12V and E-Ras. While H-Ras G12V highly activates the MAPK pathway, E-Ras cannot bind to Raf1 to activate this pathway. Instead, E-Ras signals through PI3K to activate Akt (1). E-Ras is not expressed in human embryonic stem cells, nor is it is expressed in any adult tissues as found thus far (2). Reports have suggested it may be expressed in several tumor types, including gastric cancer (1,2,3). Researchers have speculated on the role of E-Ras in the early mouse blastocyst. Preimplantation embryos can survive in tissue culture in defined medium until the blastocyst stage without any requirement for serum or growth factors. Preimplantation embryos have a requirement for PI3K signaling, and in the absence of exogenous signals, E-Ras has been suggested to be the effector of this signal transduction (6).
Explore pathways related to this product.
STRING - Known and Predicted Protein-Protein Interactions.
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