Revision 1

#68355Store at -20C

1 Kit

(9 x 20 microliters)

Cell Signaling Technology

Orders: 877-616-CELL (2355) orders@cellsignal.com

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For Research Use Only. Not for Use in Diagnostic Procedures.
Product Includes Product # Quantity Mol. Wt Isotype/Source
MX1 (D3W7I) Rabbit mAb 37849 20 µl 76 kDa Rabbit IgG
OAS1 (D1W3A) Rabbit mAb 14498 20 µl 40, 44 kDa Rabbit IgG
RNase L (D4B4J) Rabbit mAb 27281 20 µl 80 kDa Rabbit IgG
IFITM3 (D8E8G) XP® Rabbit mAb 59212 20 µl 15 kDa Rabbit IgG
BST2 (D5V5Z) Rabbit mAb 19277 20 µl 28-40 kDa Rabbit IgG
TRIM5α (D6Z8L) Rabbit mAb 14326 20 µl 56 kDa Rabbit IgG
Phospho-eIF2α (Ser51) (D9G8) XP® Rabbit mAb 3398 20 µl 38 kDa Rabbit IgG
Phospho-SAMHD1 (Thr592) (D7O2M) Rabbit mAb 89930 20 µl 72 kDa Rabbit IgG
IFITM1 Antibody 13126 20 µl 14 kDa Rabbit 
Anti-rabbit IgG, HRP-linked Antibody 7074 100 µl Goat 

Please visit cellsignal.com for individual component applications, species cross-reactivity, dilutions, protocols, and additional product information.

Description

The Host Cell Viral Restriction Factor Antibody Sampler Kit provides an economical means of detecting the expression of various host cell viral restriction factors using phospho-specific and total protein antibodies. The kit includes enough antibodies to perform two western blot experiments with each primary antibody.

Storage

Supplied in 10 mM sodium HEPES (pH 7.5), 150 mM NaCl, 100 µg/ml BSA, 50% glycerol and less than 0.02% sodium azide. Store at –20°C. Do not aliquot the antibodies.

Background

Viral restriction factors are proteins produced by host cells that function, in part, to negatively impact various stages of viral life cycles in order to prevent propagation. MX1 (Myxovirus resistance protein 1/MxA) is an interferon-inducible antiviral protein that confers resistance to RNA viruses by blocking transcription of the viral genome (1,2).

2’-5’-oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1) is an antiviral protein induced by type 1 interferon that plays a key role in the cellular innate immune response (3). The OAS1 enzyme produces a second messenger, 2’-5’-linked oligoadenylate, which binds to RNase L, which then degrades viral and cellular RNA (4). Research studies indicate that the OAS1 system inhibits protein synthesis and induces apoptosis in virally infected cells, which limits viral infection (5).

Interferon-induced transmembrane protein (IFITM) family members, IFITM1 and IFITM3, appear to function as viral restriction factors by preventing fusion of viral and host membranes (6,7).

BST2 (CD317, Tetherin, HM1.24) is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein functioning as a major mediator of the innate immune defense against the dissemination of enveloped viruses by tethering viron on the cell surface, preventing viral release (8).

TRIM5α blocks viral infection by interacting with the incoming viral capsid and promoting its premature disassembly (9).

PKR-induced phosphorylation of the eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2) α subunit at Ser51 is a well-documented mechanism to downregulate protein synthesis upon viral infection (10).

SAM domain and HD domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) prevents autoimmunity and HIV infection by hydrolyzing intracellular deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs), thereby limiting inappropriate immune activation by self nucleic acid and inhibiting reverse transcription of the HIV genome (11). Phosphorylation of SAMHD1 at Thr592 by cyclin A2/CDK1 was identified as a regulatory mechanism that controls SAMHD1 activity. SAMHD1 is phosphorylated in proliferating cells, which inhibits its ability to block HIV infection (12).

  1. Staeheli, P. et al. (1986) Cell 44, 147-58.
  2. Kochs, G. and Haller, O. (1999) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96, 2082-6.
  3. Schoggins, J.W. et al. (2011) Nature 472, 481-5.
  4. Dong, B. and Silverman, R.H. (1997) J Biol Chem 272, 22236-42.
  5. Castelli, J.C. et al. (1998) Cell Death Differ 5, 313-20.
  6. Brass, A.L. et al. (2009) Cell 139, 1243-54.
  7. Feeley, E.M. et al. (2011) PLoS Pathog 7, e1002337.
  8. Le Tortorec, A. et al. (2011) Viruses 3, 520-40.
  9. Stremlau, M. et al. (2006) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103, 5514-9.
  10. Zamanian-Daryoush, M. et al. (2000) Mol Cell Biol 20, 1278-90.
  11. Powell, R.D. et al. (2011) J Biol Chem 286, 43596-600.
  12. Cribier, A. et al. (2013) Cell Rep 3, 1036-43.

Background References

    Trademarks and Patents

    Cell Signaling Technology is a trademark of Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.
    XP is a registered trademark of Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.
    All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Visit cellsignal.com/trademarks for more information.

    Limited Uses

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    Products are labeled with For Research Use Only or a similar labeling statement and have not been approved, cleared, or licensed by the FDA or other regulatory foreign or domestic entity, for any purpose. Customer shall not use any Product for any diagnostic or therapeutic purpose, or otherwise in any manner that conflicts with its labeling statement. Products sold or licensed by CST are provided for Customer as the end-user and solely for research and development uses. Any use of Product for diagnostic, prophylactic or therapeutic purposes, or any purchase of Product for resale (alone or as a component) or other commercial purpose, requires a separate license from CST. Customer shall (a) not sell, license, loan, donate or otherwise transfer or make available any Product to any third party, whether alone or in combination with other materials, or use the Products to manufacture any commercial products, (b) not copy, modify, reverse engineer, decompile, disassemble or otherwise attempt to discover the underlying structure or technology of the Products, or use the Products for the purpose of developing any products or services that would compete with CST products or services, (c) not alter or remove from the Products any trademarks, trade names, logos, patent or copyright notices or markings, (d) use the Products solely in accordance with CST Product Terms of Sale and any applicable documentation, and (e) comply with any license, terms of service or similar agreement with respect to any third party products or services used by Customer in connection with the Products.