| Product Includes | Item # | Volume | Reactivity | Isotype |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PD-1 (Intracellular Domain) (D4W2J) XP® Rabbit mAb (SignalStar™ Conjugate 0008) | 72727 | 50 µl | H | Rabbit IgG |
| Complementary Oligo (CO-0008-594) | 44273 | 22 µl |
Storage
Description
SignalStar multiplex immunohistochemistry (IHC) is an advanced technology for labeling multiple proteins simultaneously in tissue samples using specific primary antibodies and fluorescent detection reagents. This technology offers accuracy and reliability in visualizing and analyzing protein expression while maintaining spatial context and tissue architecture.
SignalStar Oligo-Antibody Pairs are compatible with the SignalStar Multiplex IHC Buffer Kits for use in fluorescent multiplex imaging experiments. This product includes the oligo-conjugated antibodies and complementary oligos required for labeling your target protein on up to 10 slides. SignalStar Multiplex IHC Buffer Kits are required to amplify and image the target signal. Multiple oligo-antibody pairs can be conveniently combined into a multiplex panel using the SignalStar Multiplex IHC Panel Builder. SignalStar Multiplex IHC Kits & Reagents are not compatible with all of Cell Signaling Technology® products and protocols that are recommended for use in immunohistochemical assays.
Specificity/Sensitivity
Source / Purification
Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Ala274 of human PD-1 protein.
Background
The programmed cell death 1 protein (PD-1, PDCD1, CD279) is a member of the CD28 family of immunoreceptors that regulate T cell activation and immune responses (1-3). The PD-1 protein contains an extracellular Ig V domain, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic tail that includes an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) and an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motif (ITSM). PD-1 is activated by the cell surface ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2 (4). Upon activation, PD-1 ITIM and ITSM phosphorylation leads to the recruitment of the protein tyrosine phosphatases SHP-1 and SHP-2, which suppress TCR signaling (5-7). In addition to activated T cells, PD-1 is expressed in activated B cells and monocytes, although its function in these cell types has not been fully characterized (8). The PD-1 pathway plays an important role in immune tolerance (3); however, research studies show that cancer cells often adopt this pathway to escape immune surveillance (9). Consequently, blockade of PD-1 and its ligands is proving to be a sound strategy for neoplastic intervention (10).
- Ishida, Y. et al. (1992) EMBO J 11, 3887-95.
- Shinohara, T. et al. (1994) Genomics 23, 704-6.
- Nishimura, H. et al. (1999) Immunity 11, 141-51.
- Freeman, G.J. et al. (2000) J Exp Med 192, 1027-34.
- Yokosuka, T. et al. (2012) J Exp Med 209, 1201-17.
- Sheppard, K.A. et al. (2004) FEBS Lett 574, 37-41.
- Chemnitz, J.M. et al. (2004) J Immunol 173, 945-54.
- Thibult, M.L. et al. (2013) Int Immunol 25, 129-37.
- Dong, H. et al. (2002) Nat Med 8, 793-800.
- Topalian, S.L. et al. (2012) Curr Opin Immunol 24, 207-12.
Species Reactivity
Species reactivity is determined by testing in at least one approved application (e.g., western blot).
Cross-Reactivity Key
H: human M: mouse R: rat Hm: hamster Mk: monkey Vir: virus Mi: mink C: chicken Dm: D. melanogaster X: Xenopus Z: zebrafish B: bovine Dg: dog Pg: pig Sc: S. cerevisiae Ce: C. elegans Hr: horse GP: Guinea Pig Rab: rabbit All: all species expected
Trademarks and Patents
Limited Uses
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