Put our experience to work for you. Cell Signaling Technology® (CST®) scientists are biology, application, and therapeutic area domain experts and are here to streamline your discovery. We are passionate about science and keep up with all the latest research and new treatment approaches in oncology therapeutic areas, allowing us to offer a broad antibody portfolio against targets that could lead to new, more efficacious therapies.
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Target ID and MOA studiesTarget validationFlexible Packaging |
Identify primary and secondary endpoints
Platform compatibility
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Customized Formulations for Immunoassay Development
Resources and Guides for Antibodies Compatible With Your Assay Platform
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*Some conjugates directly available for purchase from CST (other conjugate types may be proprietary).
Protein kinases are involved in a wide variety of cellular functions including cell cycle regulation and differentiation. Investigating oncogenic kinases like Bcr/Abl and K-Ras have advanced the field of cancer and led to the emergence of targeted therapies and personalized medicines as a cancer therapeutic strategy.
RTKs/Growth Factor Receptors |
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ROS1 (D4D6®) Rabbit mAb #3287: IHC analysis of paraffin-embedded human lung carcinoma using #3287. |
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Intracellular Kinases |
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Ras (E8N8L) XP® Rabbit mAb #67648: IHC analysis of paraffin-embedded human non-small cell lung carcinoma using #67648. |
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Kinase Inhibition Readouts |
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FastScan™ Phospho-p44/42 MAPK (Thr202/Tyr204) ELISA Kit #42173 |
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Cell cycle checkpoint and DDR pathways work together to preserve genomic integrity. Perturbations in either pathway can lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation and the accumulation of mutations that drive tumorigenicity. Targeting defects in these pathways can lead to next-generation therapeutics for multiple cancer types.
Cell Cycle Regulation |
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DNA Damage Response (DDR) |
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Phospho-Chk1 (Ser345) (133D3) Rabbit mAb #2348: Confocal IF analysis of C2C12 cells, untreated (left) or UV-treated (right), using #2348 (green). Actin filaments have been labeled with DY-554 phalloidin (red). |
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Senescence |
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p21 Waf1/Cip1 (12D1) Rabbit mAb #2947: IHC analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma using #2947in the presence of control peptide. |
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The cancer metabolism field has evolved from describing the metabolic features of cancer cells to understanding how cancer cells are metabolically reprogrammed and how that influences migration, invasion, and metastasis. Oncology therapeutics targeting metabolic pathways could reduce cancer growth and provide additional combination therapy options.
Glucose Metabolism |
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PKM2 (D78A4) XP® Rabbit mAb #4053: IHC analysis of paraffin-embedded human lung carcinoma using #4053. |
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Autophagy |
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Phospho-Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (Ser79) (D7D11) Rabbit mAb #11818: IHC analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma using #11818. |
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Fatty Acid and Amino Acid Metabolism |
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LC3B (E5Q2K) Mouse mAb #83506: Confocal IF analysis of HCT 116 cells treated with Chloroquine #14774 (50 µM, overnight) using #83506 (green). Actin filaments were labeled with β-Actin (13E5) Rabbit mAb #4970 (red) and nuclei were labeled with DAPI #4083 (blue). |
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Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular program known to play a crucial role in malignant progression, promoting metastasis and therapy resistance. Novel therapeutics target the activation of EMT to reduce the spread of cancer throughout the body and improve patient outcomes
Transcription Factors/Co-activators |
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Signaling Pathways |
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Key Biomarkers |
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Vimentin (D21H3) XP® Rabbit mAb #5741: IHC analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma using #5741. |
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Apoptosis evasion is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Targeting an apoptotic pathway to trigger cell death in cancer cells is a particularly intriguing approach that could lead to universal cancer therapeutics that are not specific to a cancer type.
Intrinsic Pathway |
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Bcl-xL (54H6) Rabbit mAb #2764: IHC analysis of paraffin-embedded human lung carcinoma, using #2764. |
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Extrinsic Pathway |
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DR5 (D4E9) XP® Rabbit mAb #8074: Confocal IF analysis of HT-1080 cells using #8074 (green). Blue pseudocolor = DRAQ5® #4084 (fluorescent DNA dye). |
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Caspase Activators |
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Survivin (71G4B7) Rabbit mAb #2808: IHC analysis of paraffin-embedded human transitional epithelial carcinoma of the bladder using #2808. |
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Aberrent epigenetic processes and genetic mutations both contribute to oncogenesis; however, most cancer therapies focus on targeting genetic abnormalities. Epigenetic therapies that reprogram neoplastic cells to behave more like normal cells provide an alternative therapeutic approach and are likely to be the most efficacious when used in combination with other anticancer therapies.
Methylation and Demethylation Inhibitors |
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Ezh2 (D2C9) XP® Rabbit mAb #5246: IHC analysis of paraffin-embedded human lymphoma using #5246. |
Acetylation and Deacetylation Inhibitor |
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p300 (D8Z4E) Rabbit mAb #86377: IHC analysis of paraffin-embedded human squamous cell lung carcinoma using #86377. |
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Histone Mutations |
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Histone H3 (K9M Mutant Specific) (E4N7V) Rabbit mAb #54905: IHC analysis of paraffin-embedded histone H3 K9M mutant mouse small intestine using #54905. (Tissue courtesy of Dr. Aaron Huebner, Hochedlinger Lab at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.) |
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Tumor growth and survival are influenced by malignant cells and signals from the endothelial cells, stromal fibroblasts, and immune cells that make up the tumor microenvironment (TME). The degree of tumor infiltration by cytotoxic T-cells as well as complex interactions with endothelial cells and fibroblasts can predict and modulate clinical outcomes.
Immune Cell Infiltration |
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CD8α (D8A8Y) Rabbit mAb #85336: IHC analysis of paraffin-embedded human Crohn's diseased colon using #85336. |
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Immune Cell Function |
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CD86 (E2G8P) Rabbit mAb #91882: IHC analysis of paraffin-embedded human lung adenocarcinoma using #91882 performed on the Leica® BOND™ Rx. |
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Therapeutic Targets |
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CD47 (D3O7P) Rabbit mAb #63000: IHC analysis of paraffin-embedded human urothelial carcinoma using #63000 performed on the Leica® BOND™ Rx. |
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Multiplex IHC Compatibility |
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Multiplex IHC analysis of paraffin-embedded malignant melanoma on the CODEX platform using Granzyme B (D6E9W) Rabbit mAb #46890, shows the widespread labeling of infiltrating immune cells in this sample, along with other markers. |
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Proteomic and Genomic Correlation using Nanostring Technology |
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Serial sections of each NSCLC specimen were stained with antibodies for each of the noted proteins. Tumor Ras G12C genotype of each sample (A–C) obtained from SNV analysis is indicated (+/-) on the left. An additional single serial section was simultaneously stained with DNA-barcoded antibodies. Normalized digital counts from the nCounter analysis for each protein are shown from left to right, color-coded to each sample (A–C). Download Application Note: Correlate Protein Expression with Genomic Data and IHC - Nanostring |
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T cell-targeted immunomodulators that block immune checkpoints like PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 have revolutionized how we approach cancer treatment. These therapies have significantly improved outcomes for some patients with late-stage cancers.
Checkpoint Therapy Targets |
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TIGIT (E5Y1W) XP® Rabbit mAb #99567: IHC analysis of paraffin-embedded human non-small cell lung carcinoma using #99567. |
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T Cell Exhaustion |
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Tox/Tox2 (E6I3Q) Rabbit mAb #73758: IHC analysis of paraffin-embedded human colon carcinoma using #73758 performed on the Leica® BOND™ Rx. |
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T Cell Activity |
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IFN-γ (D3H2) XP® Rabbit mAb (Alexa Fluor® 488 Conjugate) #12942: Flow cytometric analysis of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells treated with TPA, Ionomycin, and Brefeldin A using #12942. Co-stained with CD3 (UCHT1) Mouse mAb (APC Conjugate) #19881. |
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Activation of the innate immune system can counteract the pathways triggered by cancer cells to evade the immune system. Further insights into these mechanisms will potentially lead to novel I/O therapeutics that can lead to long-term clinical benefits in combination with other therapeutic approaches.
Inflammasome |
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IL-1β (3A6) Mouse mAb #12242: IHC analysis of paraffin-embedded human large intestine (ulcerative chronic colitis of the rectum) using #12242. |
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STING |
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Phospho-STING (Ser366) (E9A9K) Rabbit mAb #50907: Flow cytometric analysis of TPA-differentiated THP-1 cells that have been activated to phosphorylate STING (green line) vs unactivated (blue). Isotype controls are shown by dashed lines. |
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TLR |
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NF-κB p65 (D14E12) XP® Rabbit mAb #8242: IHC analysis of paraffin-embedded human chronic cholecystitis using #8242. |
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Immune cell activation readouts can be used to assess the activation of the innate and adaptive immune system when determining the efficacy of novel immuno-oncology therapeutics.
T Cell Signaling |
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PathScan® Phospho-SLP-76 (Ser376) Sandwich ELISA Kit #78222 
Phospho-SLP-76 (Ser376) (E3G9U) XP® Rabbit mAb (Alexa Fluor® 647 Conjugate) #61762: Flow cytometric analysis comparing human peripheral blood mononuclear cells untreated or treated with cross-linked anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28. 
PathScan® Phospho-NF-κB p65 (Ser536) Sandwich ELISA Kit #7173 |
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B Cell Signaling |
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PathScan® Phospho-Btk (Tyr223) Sandwich ELISA Kit #23843 
Phospho-Syk (Tyr525/526) (C87C1) Rabbit mAb (PE Conjugate) #6485: Flow cytometric analysis comparing treated (green) vs. untreated (blue) Ramos cells. 
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Cytokine Response |
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FastScan™ Phospho-Stat1 (Tyr701) ELISA Kit #40716 
Phospho-Stat3 (Tyr705) (D3A7) XP® Rabbit mAb #9145: Flow cytometric analysis comparing treated (green) vs. untreated (blue) U266 cells using #9145 (solid lines) or isotype control (dashed lines).
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Adoptive cell therapies are an immunotherapeutic approach that utilizes tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes or gene-modified T cells expressing novel T cell receptors (TCR) or chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) to eradicate tumor cells. Further development goals for this treatment approach include improving the anti-tumor efficacy, reducing associated toxicity, and realizing allogenic potential.
Monitoring CAR-T Target Expression |
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TNFRSF17/BCMA (E6D7B) Rabbit mAb #88183: IHC analysis of paraffin-embedded human normal colon using #88183. |
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T Cell Phenotyping |
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TIM-3 (D5D5R™) XP® Rabbit mAb #45208: Flow cytometric analysis of primary CD4+ T cells (green, positive) and Jurkat cells (blue, negative). |
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T Cell Functional Analysis |
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Cell Proliferation Tracer Kit (Fluorometric, Violet 450) #48444: Live human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were labeled with the kit comparing treatment to induce cellular division (green) vs. untreated (solid blue line). Unstained cells were used as a control (dashed line). Multiple peaks equate to multiple rounds of cellular division (proliferation) following treatment. |
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Cell viability is an indication of the percentage of healthy cells within a sample. Biological readouts for cell viability are used to assess the safety and efficacy of therapeutics developed to inhibit proliferation or promote apoptosis in cancer cells.
Proliferation |
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Ki-67 (8D5) Mouse mAb #9449: IHC analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma using #9449. |
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Cell Death |
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PathScan® Phospho-RIP (Ser166) Chemiluminescent Sandwich ELISA Kit #88918 |
Viability |
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XTT Cell Viability Kit #9095: C2C12 cells were seeded at varying density in a 96-well plate and incubated overnight. The XTT assay solution was added to the plate and cells were incubated. The absorbance at 450 nm was measured at 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0 hours. |
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CST provides custom solutions that meet your specific research challenge, freeing up your time to focus on the science. Services include:
CST products are peer-tested in the field and over 99.5% of CST recombinant monoclonal antibodies are manufactured in-house providing complete control over our supply chain. Our products are developed, tested, and rigorously validated across multiple applications by tenured CST scientists who understand the underlying biology. This ensures that you’ll always get the lot-to-lot and assay-to-assay consistency required for the lifetime of your project.
Your assay is only as good as your antibody is specific. CST antibodies and ready-to-use ELISA and cellular assay kits are developed with this in mind and are designed to seamlessly fit into your assay workflow and instantly answer key questions. Products are optimized across multiple applications and CST subject matter experts are available to help identify the best readout and clone to effectively assess your therapeutic efficacy and safety. Choose the ideal product for your application.
